A code violation in tennis happens when the code of conduct is breached. Many different offenses are classed under this heading, and fines will be applied on a sliding scale depending upon the governing body and status of the player.
If a time violation occurs in tennis, the opponent (B) may lose the toss and receive a penalty of 1, 2, or 3 games depending on the time lapsed between A and B’s arrival. The Referee has the discretion to default both players or reinstate the match based on the principle in effect when both players are late but arrive at different times.
Unsportsmanlike conduct in tennis includes various behaviors such as being non-responsive to opponent’s phone calls and emails, difficulty in scheduling, repeated bad line calls, and excessive questioning of line calls.
Tennis scores were shown in the middle ages on two clock faces which went from 0 to 60. On each score, the pointer moved round a quarter from 0 to 15, 30, 45 and a win on 60. Somehow, the forty-five got truncated to forty when the clock faces dropped out of use.
Players are only fined in tennis if they enter a first-round Grand Slam match knowing that they are not completely fit, and if the organizers deem that the player has not put in the best effort.
In tennis, some sports like basketball and tennis penalize players for spitting, while football and rugby do not have such penalties, allowing players to expectorate freely.