Is a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCI) polar or nonpolar?

Risposta:

"Hydrogen chloride" is a highly POLAR molecule........

Spiegazione:

Because chlorine is MORE electronegative than hydrogen, chlorine in the HCl molecule polarizes electron densità towards itself. We could represent this as:

""^(+delta)H-Cl^(delta-).

The H-Cl molecule is thus a polar covalent molecule, in which the electronegative chlorine atom strongly polarizes electron density. In water, the polarization is so pronounced that the H-Cl bond completely ionizes:

""^(+delta)H-Cl^(delta-) + H_2O rarr H_3O^+ + Cl^-.

e così Solutions of HCl(aq) are stoichiometric in H_3O^+, "hydronium ion" e Cl^-, the chloride ion. In the gas phase, however, we have the H-Cl molecule, which has a normal boiling point of -85.0 ""^@C. Sometimes, you will see gas cylinders of HCl, the which requires special regulators and special precautions and apparatus to handle. Why so......??

So the moral? As a gas, HCl is molecular; as a solution in water, HCl ionizes. Gaseous ammonia is the same sort of molecule, however, ammonia acts as a weak base in water.

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