What is the name for a group of humans?

Yes, all of those. There are many different names for groups of humans, depending on their size, shape, organization, and other characteristics. Here are some more:

• Tribe
• Troop
• Group
• Town
• Civilization

...which you've mentioned, but also...

• Race
• Moiety
• Clan
• Caste
• Class (social, academic, and otherwise)
• People
• Folk
• Party
• Wing
• Faction
• Caucus
• Squadron
• Platoon
• Division
• Squad
• Unit
• Company
• Partnership
• Corporation
• Gang
• Mob
• Crowd
• Throng
• Legion
• Congregation
• Assembly
• Congress
• School
• University
• Church
• Sect
• Denomination
• Society
• Fellowship
• Fraternity
• Brotherhood
• Sorority
• Sisterhood
• Family
• Household
• Organization
• Institution
• Association
• Board
• Bureau
• Office
• Government
• Clique
• Klatsch
• Cadre
• Junta
• Collective
• Team
• Side
• Convocation
• Convent
• Convention
• Syndicate
• Neighborhood

We abbiamo nomi diversi per questi gruppi perché appaiono e agiscono in modo diverso a seconda delle persone specifiche e del loro rapporto tra di loro e con altri al di fuori del loro gruppo.

Se stai cercando il singolo termine più generale, probabilmente è quello che tu stesso hai usato nella domanda: "gruppo"